Imperial Cities of Morocco

Often, when thinking of organizing a trip to Morocco, the first thing proposed is the tour of the imperial cities. What are they, and why are they called that?

The "Imperial Cities" are four; they are called 'imperial' because each has been the capital of a Moroccan kingdom or empire in the past. During various historical periods, these cities were the center of political, cultural, and economic power in Morocco, and they hosted the courts of the sovereigns and dynasties that ruled the country.

Fes: Founded in the 8th century. It was the capital of the Idrisid and Almoravid kingdoms. Despite being the oldest among the imperial cities, it still retains the architectural beauties of the past intact. Defined as an artistic and cultural capital, Fes boasts ancient art galleries and one of the oldest universities in the world.

Marrakech: Founded in 1062 by the Almoravid emir Yusuf ibn Tashfin, who made it his capital. During the Almohad period, Marrakech maintained its function as the capital and was enriched with splendid monuments. When the seat of the government was transferred to Fes by the Merinids in the 16th century, the Saadian sheriffs once again established it as an imperial residence.

Meknes: Founded in the 9th century, it was the capital during the reign of Moulay Ismail of the Alaouite dynasty.

Rabat: Founded in the 12th century, it became the administrative capital of Morocco during the French protectorate in the 20th century.

When a dynasty chooses to establish its capital in a new city, that city must immediately reflect the power and magnificence of the vast and prosperous kingdom it reigns over. Thus, palaces, mosques, and all kinds of grand monuments are erected, with decoration entrusted to the greatest contemporary artists. The royal capital must impress with its luxury and splendor. Ibn Khaldun, the Moroccan historian, said: 'To a great king, a great city.'

Built on a similar pattern, the four imperial cities are centered around the medina, protected by its ramparts and towers. The medina is crisscrossed by narrow alleys hosting residences and shops, connecting the city's entry gates that can be closed in case of an attack. The main locations within the medina were: the grand mosque, the souks, and the kasbah. Great attention has been paid to water distribution through the construction of several lavishly decorated public fountains adorned with Moroccan Zellige tilework, intricately carved wood, and plaster.